Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2016 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 8 Articles
This research work is focusing on the toxicities\nof heavy metals of industrial origin to anaerobic digestion\nof the industrial wastewater. Photobacterium phosphoreum\nT3S was used as an indicator organism. The acute\ntoxicities of heavy metals on P. phosphoreum T3S were\nassessed during 15-min half inhibitory concentration\n(IC50) as indicator at pH 5.5ââ?¬â??6. Toxicity assays involved\nthe assessment of multicomponent mixtures using TU and\nMTI approaches. The results of individual toxicity indicated\nthat the toxicity of Cd, Cu and Pb on P. phosphoreum\nincreased with increasing concentrations and there\nwas a linear correlation. The 15-min IC50 values of Cd, Cu\nand Pb were 0.537, 1.905 and 1.231 mg/L, respectively,\nand their toxic order was Cd[Pb[Cu. The combined\neffects of Cd, Cu and Pb were assayed by equivalent\nconcentration mixing method. The results showed that the\ncombined effects of Cd ? Cu, Cd ? Pb, Cu ? Pb,\nCd ? Cu ? Pb were antagonistic, antagonistic and partly\nadditive. The combined effect of three heavy metals was\npartly additive....
Until recently there has been little, if any,\nconcern over revamping let alone improving wastewater\nmanagement system in Zimbabwe�s urban areas given the\ndominance and institutionalised water-borne system. Yet,\nthe current constraints in this system and the immensity of\nurbanisation in the country begs and compels planners,\nengineers and systems thinkers to rethink what best can\nwork as a sustainable wastewater system. With particular\nreference to the ever-expanding Harare metropolitan\nregion, this article provides an evaluative analysis on the\npotentiality, risks and strategies that can be adopted by\nHarare and its satellites in addressing the problems of the\nconventional wastewater management system. The suggested\nframework of operation is a decentralised domestic\nwastewater collection and treatment system which however\nhas its own multifarious risks. Using systems dynamics\nconceptualisation of the potentiality, opportunities, risks\nand strategies, the paper seeks to model the path and outcomes\nof this decentralised domestic wastewater collection\nand treatment system and also suggests a number of policy\nmeasures and strategies that the city of Harare and its\nsatellites can adopt....
Major ions, trace elements, and isotope concentrations\nwere measured in 11 representative groundwater\nsamples that were collected from a series of aquifers\nin the Wugou coal mine, Anhui Province. The geochemical\ncharacteristics of the groundwater samples were examined\nusing conventional graphical and multivariate statistical\napproaches, and the results showed that almost all of the\ngroundwater samples collected from the coal-bearing\naquifer were the Na-SO4 type, whereas the samples from\nthe Quaternary and the limestone aquifer were the Ca-SO4\nand Na-Cl types, respectively. The groundwater in the\nstudy area is not suitable for drinking without treatment\nbecause of the higher values of total dissolved solids and\nother parameters, whereas the lower value of the sodium\nadsorption ratio indicates that it can be used for irrigation.\nThe total rare earth element concentrations ranged from\n0.0398 to 0.1874 mg/L, and had an average of 0.075 mg/L.\nThere were negative cerium and positive europium\nanomalies in the groundwater. The dD and d18O values in\ngroundwater ranged from -9.01 to -8.81 %, and from\n-74.7 to -71.4 %, respectively. Meteoric water with\nvariable degrees of evaporation is the main source of the\ngroundwater in the coal-bearing aquifer....
Impact of physicochemical parameters on\nphytoplankton compositions and abundances in Selameko\nReservoir, Debre Tabor, South Gondar from August 2009\nto May 2010 was assessed. Water quality parameters, such\nas temperature, water transparency, water depth, dissolved\noxygen, pH, total dissolved solids, phosphate, nitrate, and\nsilicate were measured in situ from two sites (littoral and\nopen water zone) of the reservoir. Phytoplankton compositions\nand abundances were analyzed in Tana fisheries and\nother aquatic organisms� research center. ANOVA result of\nthe physicochemical parameters included chlorophyll-a\nshowed the presence of significance difference among\nseasons and between sites (P\\0.05). A total of seven\nfamilies, 36 genera from three groups (Diatom, Blue green\nalgae and Green algae) of phytoplankton were identified\nduring the study period. From all groups, diatoms were the\nmost abundant at both sites and Blue green algae were the\nleast abundant. ANOVA of all phytoplankton showed\nhighly significant difference among seasons and between\nsites (P\\0.05). ANOVA of all phytoplankton showed\nhighly significant difference among seasons and between\nsites (P\\0.05). Based on the stepwise regression, a total\nnumber of phytoplanktons had positive correlation with\nsome of the physicochemical parameters (R2 = 0.99,\nP\\0.001, N = 16). The study concluded that some of\nphysicochemical parameters (NO3-N and PO4-P) indicated\nthe presence of reservoir water pollution. This is supported\nby the presence of pollution-resistant phytoplankton species\nsuch as Melosira and Microcystis. The reservoir water\nwas eutrophic (productive) throughout the year. To avoid\nsuch pollution, basin and reservoir management are\nrecommended....
The El-Rahawy drain, is the major source of pollution along the Rosetta branch, receives primary\ntreated wastewater from the Abu-Rawash Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). The main purpose\nof this research was to manage water quality at the Rosetta branch by improving effluent\nwater quality at the Abu-Rawash WWTP. This research involved attempting to determine the optimal\ndose of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) to reach an acceptable treatment at the Abu-Rawash\nWWTP. A dose of 2.0 mg of AlCl3 for each liter of wastewater was selected. Another approach involves\ndischarging flow from Al-Buhairi Water Canal to the El-Rahawy drain in order to increase\nthe dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and reduce pollutant concentrations at the El-Rahawy\ndrain. Applying these approaches will significantly improve water quality at the El-Rahawy drain.\nThe river pollutant (RP) modeling was also used to study the effect of improving water quality at\nthe El-Rahawy drain on the Rosetta branch water quality. The RP modeling showed that applying\nthe proposed solutions will significantly improve water quality at the Rosetta branch....
Availability of safe drinking water and sanitation are two major issues faced by population,\nlack of which is causing many health threats to community in developing countries,\nespecially Pakistan. Current research is an attempt to analyze the exposure of these\nenvironmental health risks and their effect as incidence of diarrhea among children during\n2012-2013 in a small unplanned town of Farooqabad, District Bahawalnagar. Main objective\nof research is to provide set of strategies for community participation and organization to\nminimize the environmental health threats in such areas. Data pertaining to basic\ndemographics, sanitation, water supply and incidence of diarrhea was collected through\nextensive household survey while laboratory tests were carried out to check the drinking\nwater quality and identification of bacterial contamination in water. Finally this study\nculminates a strategic framework to anticipate the local environment in a sustainable and\nhealthy way. This study can be implemented in most of the towns of country which are\nconsidered as economically deprived areas....
Background: The oil-rich Niger Delta suffers from extensive petroleum contamination. A pilot study was conducted\nin the region of Ogoniland where one community, Ogale, has drinking water wells highly contaminated with a\nrefined oil product. In a 2011 study, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) sampled Ogale drinking\nwater wells and detected numerous petroleum hydrocarbons, including benzene at concentrations as much as\n1800 times higher than the USEPA drinking water standard. UNEP recommended immediate provision of clean\ndrinking water, medical surveillance, and a prospective cohort study. Although the Nigerian government has\nprovided emergency drinking water, other UNEP recommendations have not been implemented. We aimed to (i)\nfollow up on UNEP recommendations by investigating health symptoms associated with exposure to\ncontaminated water; and (ii) assess the adequacy and utilization of the government-supplied emergency\ndrinking water.\nMethods: We recruited 200 participants from Ogale and a reference community, Eteo, and administered\nquestionnaires to investigate water use, perceived water safety, and self-reported health symptoms.\nResults: Our multivariate regression analyses show statistically significant associations between exposure to\nOgale drinking water and self-reported health symptoms consistent with petroleum exposure. Participants in\nOgale more frequently reported health symptoms related to neurological effects (OR = 2.8), hematological\neffects (OR = 3.3), and irritation (OR = 2.7).\nConclusions: Our results are the first from a community relying on drinking water with such extremely high\nconcentrations of benzene and other hydrocarbons. The ongoing exposure and these pilot study results\nhighlight the need for more refined investigation as recommended by UNEP....
In the present study, the physico–chemical parameters were analyzed from industrial area of Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India during 2014–2015. All the physico–chemical parameters were analyzed by using as per standard methods. Totally fifteen different physico–chemical and biological parameters were observed. The values of water quality parameters minimum and maximum ranges were observed from four different seasons like pre monsoon, monsoon, summer and post monsoon seasons. This study concluded that the ground water quality was polluted and hence proper treatment methods are needed....
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